PROIZVODNJA KERAMIKE – PITANJA SPECIJALIZACIJE I PODELE RADA
Ključne reči:
tehnologija keramike, etnoarheologija, rodna podela rada, starosna podela rada, prenošenje znanja, specijalizacija, profesionalizacija.Apstrakt
Proučavanje proizvodnje keramike ne može biti odvojeno od proučavanja i sagledavanja okolnosti u kojima se ona odvija. Pored prirodnih faktora koji na te okolnosti utiču, svakako su od velike važnosti i društveni faktori u koje spadaju i pitanja specijalizacije poslova i rodna i starosna podela rada. Nije retkost da se saznanja o rodnoj podeli rada i specijalizaciji u keramičkoj proizvodnji jedne lokalne zajednice, proistekla iz etnološke evidencije, naročito u literaturi starijeg datuma, nekritički pripisuju svim ostalim sredinama u kojima su se određene tehnike, odnosno tehnološki procesi primenjivali u prošlosti. Etnoarheološka istraživanja tehnologije keramike pokazala su, međutim, da na ova pitanja nije moguće dati jednostavne i jednoznačne odgovore. Ovaj rad posvećen je pronalaženju odgovora na pitanja da li uvek posude izrađene bez mehaničke sprave proizvode žene, a one modelovane na vitlu muškarci? Postoje li i obrnuti slučajevi i zašto? Da li je jedna keramička posuda rezultat rada samo jedne osobe ili u proizvodnom lancu učestvuje više njih? Od čega to zavisi i kada se razlike pojavlјuju? Ponuđeni odgovori, koji nastoje da prikažu širu sliku proizvodnje keramike, i njeno razumevanje kao fenomena, mogu, ujedno, poslužiti i kao polazište za nova istraživačka pitanja čiji je cilј da nas približe mogućim modelima...
Reference
1. Alvaro Zamora, M. I. (1980). Alfareria Popular Aragonesa. Libros
Portico.
2. Arnold, D. E. (1988). Ceramic Theory and Cultural Process.
Cambridge: Cambridge Universit Press.
3. Arnold, D. E. (1999). Advantages and Desadvantages of Vertical-half
Molding Technology: Implications for production Organization.
Pottery and People. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261759314_Advantages_and
_Disadvantages_of_Verticalhalf_
Molding_Technology_Implications_for_Production_Organization.
4. Arnold, P. J. III. (2000). Working Without a Net: Recent Trends in
Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research, 8(2),
105-133.
5. Arnold, P. J. III. (2003). Domestic ceramic production and spatial
organization. A Mexican case study in ethnoarchaeology. New Studies
in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press.
6. Arthur, J. W. (2006). Living with Pottery. Ethnoarchaeology among the
Gamo of Southwest Ethiopia. Foundations of Archaeological Inquiry,
Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press.
7. Blagojević, N. (1974). Narodna keramika u užičkom kraju. Užički
zbornik, 3, 327-363.
8. Boneva, T. (1993). Podnicata – model na Sveta (kъm semantikata na
veщite i specializaciяta na truda v selskite obщnosti na Balkanite).
Godišnik na Sofiйskiя universitet „Sv. Kliment Ohridski“, 227-278.
9. Carlton, R. (2013). Re-evaluating the Role of Women in West Balkan
Pottery-making Tradition. Interpreting Ceramics, 203-215.
10. Clark, G. (1995). The Potter’s Art. Phaidon.
11. Conkey, M. W., Spector, J. D. (1984). Archaeology and the study of
gender. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 7, 1-38.
12. Crown, P. L. (2007). Life Histories of Pots and Potters: Situating the
Individual in Archaeology. American Antiquity, 72(4), 677-690.
13. Čukman Nikolić, I. (2005). 7000 godina perzijske umjetnosti. Zagreb:
Muzej Mimara.
14. David, N., Kramer, C. (2001). Ethnoarchaeology in Action.
Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
15. Đorđević Bogdanović, B. (2003). Posibilidades de la Etnoarqueología
en el estudio de la cerámica prehistórica, Tesina, Facultat de Filosofia
y Lletres, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.
16. Đorđević Bogdanović, B. (2016). Etnoarheološka istraživanja
tehnologije keramike. Stidija slučaja Zlakusa. Doktorska disertacija,
Filozofski fakultet Beograd, Beograd.
17. Đorđević, B. (2013a). Pottery Making in Zlakusa. First
Ethnoarchaeological Research Project in Serbia. Ethnoarchaeology:
Current Research and Field Methods, Conference Proceedings, Rome,
Italy, 13th-14th May 2010, 49-52.
18. Đorđević, B. (2011). Tri lica tradicionalne keramičke produkcije u
Srbiji / Three facets of traditional pottery making in Serbia. Beograd:
Narodni muzej u Beogradu.
19. Đorđević, B. (2013b). Las tecnologías tradicionales de cerámica y sus
orígenes europeos como potencial etnoarqueológico. Actas del I
congreso internacional sobre estudios cerámicos: homenaje a la dra.
Mercedes Vegas: Cádiz, 1 al 5 de noviembre de 2010, 393-423.
20. Đorđević, B. (2016). Traditional Bread-Baking Pan Making –
Ethnoarchaeology and Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage.
Proceedings of the Conference The Intangible Elements of Culture in
Ethnoarchaeological research, 313-320.
21. Đorđević, B., Nikolov, G. (2013). Bread-baking Pan (crepulja/crepna)
from Neolithic to Present in South-East Europe. The Beginning of
Ethnoarchaeological Cooperation in the Region. Ethnoarchaeology
Current Research and Field Methods, Conference Proceedings, Rome,
Italy, 13th–14th May 2010, 53-57.
22. Đorđević, B., Zlatković, D. (2014). Traditional technology and its
variations applied in making bread-baking pans in the Old Mountain
(Serbia). Traditional Pottery Making from the Ethnoarchaeological
Point of View.Scientific Research and Safeguarding of Intangible
Heritage. Proceedings of the First International Conference, Belgrade
2011, 32-41.
23. Efstratiou, N. (1992). Production and distribution of a ceramic type in
Highland Rhodope: an ethnoarchaeological study. Origini. Preistoria e
protostoria delle civiltà antiche XVI, 311-327.
24. Efstratiou, N. (2014) Ceramic ethnoarchaeological research in the
Balkans: the case of the Rhodope Mountains. Traditional Pottery
Making from the Ethnoarchaeological Point of View. Scientific
Research and Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage, 20-31.
25. Foster, G. M. (1959). The potter’s wheel: an analysis of idea and
artefact in invention, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 15, 99-
118.
26. González Urquijo J., Ibáñez Estévez, J. J., Zapata Peña, L., i Peña
Chocarro, L. (2001). Estudio etnoarqueologico sobre la cerámicaGzaua
(Marruecos). Técnica y contexto social de un artesanado arcaico.
Trabajos de prehistoria, 58(1), 5-27.
27. Gosselain, O. P. (2008). Thoughts and Adjustments in the Potter’s
Backyard. Breaking the Lould: Challenging the Past through Pottery,
67-79.
28. Grbić, M. (1954). A Neolithic Statuette from Bečej in Banat.
Archaeologica Iugoslavica I, 15-18.
29. Hodder, I. (1981). Pottery, Production and Use: A Theoretical
Discussion. Production and Distribution: a ceramic Viewpoint, 215-
220.
30. Joksimović, Ž. (1909). Užičke crepulјe. Srpski etnografski zbornik
XIII, 485-497.
31. King, Ch. (1966). Pottery, People at Work. London and Glasgow:
Blackie.
32. Klajn, I., Šipka, M. (2006). Veliki rečnik stranih reči i izraza. Novi
Sad: Prometej.
33. Kramer, C. (1985). Ceramic ethnoarchaeology. Annual Review of
Anthropology 14, 77-102.
34. Kramer, C. (1997). Pottery in Rajaasthan: ethnoarchaeology in two
Indian cities. Washington DC – London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
35. London, G. A. (1991). Standardization and variation in the work of
craft specialists, Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology, 182-204.
36. Nangendo, S. M. (1996). Pottery Taboos and Symbolism in Bukusu
Society. Western Kenya, African Study Monographs, 17(2), 69-84.
37. Nikolov, G., (2014). Constructive, reconstructive ethnology
opportunity for a dynamic understanding of folk pottery. Traditional
Pottery Making from the Ethnoarchaeological Point of View.Scientific
Research and Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage. Proceedings of the
First International Conference, Belgrade 2011, ed.B. Đorđević,
Belgrade: National Museum in Belgrade.
38. Orton C., Tyers, P., Vince, A. (1997). La cerámica en arqueología.
Barcelona: Critica.
39. Ovčarov, D. (2010). Hudožestvenata keramika v bьlgarskite zemi.
Sofiя: Nacionalen muzeй na bьlgarskata kniga i poligrafiя.
40. Perez Vidal (1983). La cerámica popular española, zona Norte.
Cadernos de Olaria 1, Barcelos: Camara Municipal de Barcelos, Museu
de Olaris.
41. Perucha Atienza, Rodrígez Pascua (2005). La Alfarería de Zarzuela de
Jadraque. Guadalajara: AACHE.
42. Peruničić, B. (1936). Prilozi proučavanju naše narodne keramike.
Beograd: Etnografski muzej u Beogradu.
43. Pfaffenberger, B. (1992). Social Anthropology of Technology. Annual
Review of Anthropology, 21, 491-516.
44. Phillips, P. (1971) Attribute analysis and social structure of Chassey-
Cortaillod-Lagozza populations. Man, 6(3), 341-352.
45. Psaropoulou, B. (n.d.) Last Potters of the East Aegean. Nauplion:
Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation.
46. Psaropulou, B., Simandirakis, N. (2007) Ψαροπούλου, Μ.,
Σημαντηράκης, Ν., Θραψανό: χωριό των αγγειοπλαστών, Αθήνα:
Δημοτική Επιχείρηοη Ανάπτυξης Θραψανού.
47. Petrović, P. Ž. (1936). Prilozi proučavanju naše narodne keramike.
Beograd: Etnografski muzej u Beogradu.
48. Popović, C. Đ. (1957). Lončarsto u Bosni i Hercegovini II, Glasnik
Zemalјskog muzeja u Sarajevu (Etnologija).
49. Popović, C., Đ. (1960). Neki zadaci i problemi u proučavanju narodnog
lončarstva. Etnološki pregled, 2, Beograd.
50. Rajković, S. (1956). Lončarstvo zapadne Hercegovine. Mostar:
Zavičajni muzej Hercegovine.
51. Radić, Z. (2016). Tradicijsko lončarstvo ručnog kola u Erveniku.
Knin: Kninski muzej.
52. Ramos Perez, H. (1976). La cerámica popularde Zamora. Zamora:
Ceramicas vivas.
53. Randić, M. (2014). Ethnological researches of pottery-making in
Croatia, Traditional Pottery Making from the Ethnoarchaeological
Point of ViewScientific Research and Safeguarding of Intangible
Heritage. Proceedings of the First International Conference, Belgrade
2011, ed.B. Đorđević, Belgrade: National Museum in Belgrade, 82-91.
54. Romero, A. Cabasa S. (1999). La tinajería tradicional en la cerámica
española. Barcelona: Ediciones CEAC.
55. Romero, A., Cabasa, S. (2009). Tinajeria tradicional española.
Barcelona:EdicionesBlume.
56. Sempere, E. (1982). Rutas a los Alfares, Barcelona: España-Portugal.
57. Stark, M. (2003). Current Issues in Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology, Journal
of Archaeological Research, 11 (3), 193-242.
58. Tames, R. (2001). Josiah Wedgwood. An Illustrated life of Josiah
Wedgwood 1730-1795. Shire: Shire Publications Ltd.
59. Tomić, P. (1983). Grnčarstvo u Srbiji. Beograd: Etnografski muzej u
Beogradu.
60. Vossen, R., Seseña, N., i Köpne, W. (1980). Guia de los Alfareros de
España. Madrid.
61. Vuković, J. (2013). Ženska tehnologija: identitet neolitskih majstora–
grnčara. Etnoantropološki problemi, 8(1), 295-316.
62. Filipović, M. (1951). Ženska keramika kod balkanskih naroda.
Beograd: Etnografski institut.
Portico.
2. Arnold, D. E. (1988). Ceramic Theory and Cultural Process.
Cambridge: Cambridge Universit Press.
3. Arnold, D. E. (1999). Advantages and Desadvantages of Vertical-half
Molding Technology: Implications for production Organization.
Pottery and People. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261759314_Advantages_and
_Disadvantages_of_Verticalhalf_
Molding_Technology_Implications_for_Production_Organization.
4. Arnold, P. J. III. (2000). Working Without a Net: Recent Trends in
Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research, 8(2),
105-133.
5. Arnold, P. J. III. (2003). Domestic ceramic production and spatial
organization. A Mexican case study in ethnoarchaeology. New Studies
in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press.
6. Arthur, J. W. (2006). Living with Pottery. Ethnoarchaeology among the
Gamo of Southwest Ethiopia. Foundations of Archaeological Inquiry,
Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press.
7. Blagojević, N. (1974). Narodna keramika u užičkom kraju. Užički
zbornik, 3, 327-363.
8. Boneva, T. (1993). Podnicata – model na Sveta (kъm semantikata na
veщite i specializaciяta na truda v selskite obщnosti na Balkanite).
Godišnik na Sofiйskiя universitet „Sv. Kliment Ohridski“, 227-278.
9. Carlton, R. (2013). Re-evaluating the Role of Women in West Balkan
Pottery-making Tradition. Interpreting Ceramics, 203-215.
10. Clark, G. (1995). The Potter’s Art. Phaidon.
11. Conkey, M. W., Spector, J. D. (1984). Archaeology and the study of
gender. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 7, 1-38.
12. Crown, P. L. (2007). Life Histories of Pots and Potters: Situating the
Individual in Archaeology. American Antiquity, 72(4), 677-690.
13. Čukman Nikolić, I. (2005). 7000 godina perzijske umjetnosti. Zagreb:
Muzej Mimara.
14. David, N., Kramer, C. (2001). Ethnoarchaeology in Action.
Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
15. Đorđević Bogdanović, B. (2003). Posibilidades de la Etnoarqueología
en el estudio de la cerámica prehistórica, Tesina, Facultat de Filosofia
y Lletres, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.
16. Đorđević Bogdanović, B. (2016). Etnoarheološka istraživanja
tehnologije keramike. Stidija slučaja Zlakusa. Doktorska disertacija,
Filozofski fakultet Beograd, Beograd.
17. Đorđević, B. (2013a). Pottery Making in Zlakusa. First
Ethnoarchaeological Research Project in Serbia. Ethnoarchaeology:
Current Research and Field Methods, Conference Proceedings, Rome,
Italy, 13th-14th May 2010, 49-52.
18. Đorđević, B. (2011). Tri lica tradicionalne keramičke produkcije u
Srbiji / Three facets of traditional pottery making in Serbia. Beograd:
Narodni muzej u Beogradu.
19. Đorđević, B. (2013b). Las tecnologías tradicionales de cerámica y sus
orígenes europeos como potencial etnoarqueológico. Actas del I
congreso internacional sobre estudios cerámicos: homenaje a la dra.
Mercedes Vegas: Cádiz, 1 al 5 de noviembre de 2010, 393-423.
20. Đorđević, B. (2016). Traditional Bread-Baking Pan Making –
Ethnoarchaeology and Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage.
Proceedings of the Conference The Intangible Elements of Culture in
Ethnoarchaeological research, 313-320.
21. Đorđević, B., Nikolov, G. (2013). Bread-baking Pan (crepulja/crepna)
from Neolithic to Present in South-East Europe. The Beginning of
Ethnoarchaeological Cooperation in the Region. Ethnoarchaeology
Current Research and Field Methods, Conference Proceedings, Rome,
Italy, 13th–14th May 2010, 53-57.
22. Đorđević, B., Zlatković, D. (2014). Traditional technology and its
variations applied in making bread-baking pans in the Old Mountain
(Serbia). Traditional Pottery Making from the Ethnoarchaeological
Point of View.Scientific Research and Safeguarding of Intangible
Heritage. Proceedings of the First International Conference, Belgrade
2011, 32-41.
23. Efstratiou, N. (1992). Production and distribution of a ceramic type in
Highland Rhodope: an ethnoarchaeological study. Origini. Preistoria e
protostoria delle civiltà antiche XVI, 311-327.
24. Efstratiou, N. (2014) Ceramic ethnoarchaeological research in the
Balkans: the case of the Rhodope Mountains. Traditional Pottery
Making from the Ethnoarchaeological Point of View. Scientific
Research and Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage, 20-31.
25. Foster, G. M. (1959). The potter’s wheel: an analysis of idea and
artefact in invention, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 15, 99-
118.
26. González Urquijo J., Ibáñez Estévez, J. J., Zapata Peña, L., i Peña
Chocarro, L. (2001). Estudio etnoarqueologico sobre la cerámicaGzaua
(Marruecos). Técnica y contexto social de un artesanado arcaico.
Trabajos de prehistoria, 58(1), 5-27.
27. Gosselain, O. P. (2008). Thoughts and Adjustments in the Potter’s
Backyard. Breaking the Lould: Challenging the Past through Pottery,
67-79.
28. Grbić, M. (1954). A Neolithic Statuette from Bečej in Banat.
Archaeologica Iugoslavica I, 15-18.
29. Hodder, I. (1981). Pottery, Production and Use: A Theoretical
Discussion. Production and Distribution: a ceramic Viewpoint, 215-
220.
30. Joksimović, Ž. (1909). Užičke crepulјe. Srpski etnografski zbornik
XIII, 485-497.
31. King, Ch. (1966). Pottery, People at Work. London and Glasgow:
Blackie.
32. Klajn, I., Šipka, M. (2006). Veliki rečnik stranih reči i izraza. Novi
Sad: Prometej.
33. Kramer, C. (1985). Ceramic ethnoarchaeology. Annual Review of
Anthropology 14, 77-102.
34. Kramer, C. (1997). Pottery in Rajaasthan: ethnoarchaeology in two
Indian cities. Washington DC – London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
35. London, G. A. (1991). Standardization and variation in the work of
craft specialists, Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology, 182-204.
36. Nangendo, S. M. (1996). Pottery Taboos and Symbolism in Bukusu
Society. Western Kenya, African Study Monographs, 17(2), 69-84.
37. Nikolov, G., (2014). Constructive, reconstructive ethnology
opportunity for a dynamic understanding of folk pottery. Traditional
Pottery Making from the Ethnoarchaeological Point of View.Scientific
Research and Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage. Proceedings of the
First International Conference, Belgrade 2011, ed.B. Đorđević,
Belgrade: National Museum in Belgrade.
38. Orton C., Tyers, P., Vince, A. (1997). La cerámica en arqueología.
Barcelona: Critica.
39. Ovčarov, D. (2010). Hudožestvenata keramika v bьlgarskite zemi.
Sofiя: Nacionalen muzeй na bьlgarskata kniga i poligrafiя.
40. Perez Vidal (1983). La cerámica popular española, zona Norte.
Cadernos de Olaria 1, Barcelos: Camara Municipal de Barcelos, Museu
de Olaris.
41. Perucha Atienza, Rodrígez Pascua (2005). La Alfarería de Zarzuela de
Jadraque. Guadalajara: AACHE.
42. Peruničić, B. (1936). Prilozi proučavanju naše narodne keramike.
Beograd: Etnografski muzej u Beogradu.
43. Pfaffenberger, B. (1992). Social Anthropology of Technology. Annual
Review of Anthropology, 21, 491-516.
44. Phillips, P. (1971) Attribute analysis and social structure of Chassey-
Cortaillod-Lagozza populations. Man, 6(3), 341-352.
45. Psaropoulou, B. (n.d.) Last Potters of the East Aegean. Nauplion:
Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation.
46. Psaropulou, B., Simandirakis, N. (2007) Ψαροπούλου, Μ.,
Σημαντηράκης, Ν., Θραψανό: χωριό των αγγειοπλαστών, Αθήνα:
Δημοτική Επιχείρηοη Ανάπτυξης Θραψανού.
47. Petrović, P. Ž. (1936). Prilozi proučavanju naše narodne keramike.
Beograd: Etnografski muzej u Beogradu.
48. Popović, C. Đ. (1957). Lončarsto u Bosni i Hercegovini II, Glasnik
Zemalјskog muzeja u Sarajevu (Etnologija).
49. Popović, C., Đ. (1960). Neki zadaci i problemi u proučavanju narodnog
lončarstva. Etnološki pregled, 2, Beograd.
50. Rajković, S. (1956). Lončarstvo zapadne Hercegovine. Mostar:
Zavičajni muzej Hercegovine.
51. Radić, Z. (2016). Tradicijsko lončarstvo ručnog kola u Erveniku.
Knin: Kninski muzej.
52. Ramos Perez, H. (1976). La cerámica popularde Zamora. Zamora:
Ceramicas vivas.
53. Randić, M. (2014). Ethnological researches of pottery-making in
Croatia, Traditional Pottery Making from the Ethnoarchaeological
Point of ViewScientific Research and Safeguarding of Intangible
Heritage. Proceedings of the First International Conference, Belgrade
2011, ed.B. Đorđević, Belgrade: National Museum in Belgrade, 82-91.
54. Romero, A. Cabasa S. (1999). La tinajería tradicional en la cerámica
española. Barcelona: Ediciones CEAC.
55. Romero, A., Cabasa, S. (2009). Tinajeria tradicional española.
Barcelona:EdicionesBlume.
56. Sempere, E. (1982). Rutas a los Alfares, Barcelona: España-Portugal.
57. Stark, M. (2003). Current Issues in Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology, Journal
of Archaeological Research, 11 (3), 193-242.
58. Tames, R. (2001). Josiah Wedgwood. An Illustrated life of Josiah
Wedgwood 1730-1795. Shire: Shire Publications Ltd.
59. Tomić, P. (1983). Grnčarstvo u Srbiji. Beograd: Etnografski muzej u
Beogradu.
60. Vossen, R., Seseña, N., i Köpne, W. (1980). Guia de los Alfareros de
España. Madrid.
61. Vuković, J. (2013). Ženska tehnologija: identitet neolitskih majstora–
grnčara. Etnoantropološki problemi, 8(1), 295-316.
62. Filipović, M. (1951). Ženska keramika kod balkanskih naroda.
Beograd: Etnografski institut.
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