AUDIOVISUAL REPRESENTATION OF HOMOSEXUALITY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF DOMINANT IDEOLOGY BASED ON HETERONORMATIVITY
Keywords:
homosexuality, media, representation, heteronormativity, ideologyAbstract
Given the fact that reception of homosexuality is deeply influenced by the representation of LGBTQI persons, the present papers explores sociological and cultural, foundations of audiovisual representation of gay people in audiovisual media. In this regard, we will tend now to explain how homosexuality is represented in the media and what the effects of such representation are. The study supports the idea that meaning of an event does not exist outside representation. An event gets its meaning through the way in which it is represented. On the other hand, the mass media actually participate in the creation of the meaning in a modern society.
References
1. Barker, C. (2000). Cultural studies: Theory and practice. London: Sage
publications.
2. Baunach, D. M. (2011). Decomposing trends in attitudes toward gay
marriage, 1988-2006. Social Science Quarterly, 92, 346-330.
3. Brown, J. D., Halprn, C. T., & L’Engle, K.L. (2005). Mass media as a
sexual super peer for early maturing girls. Journal of Adolescnt Health,
36(5), 420-427.
4. Calzo, J. P. & Ward, L. M. (2009). Media exposure and viewer’s
attitudes toward homosexuality: Evidence for mainstreaming or
resonance. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(2), 280-
299.
5. Dawson., L. (2015). Queer European Cinema: queering cinematic time
and space. Studies in European Cinema, 12(3), 185-204.
6. Detenber, B. H., Ho, S. S., Neo, R.L., Malik, S., & Cenite, M. (2013).
Influence of value predispositions, interpersonal contact, and mediated
exposure on public attitudes towards homosexuality in Singapore.
Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 16, 181-196.
7. Edgar, A., & Sedgwick, P. (2005). Key concepts in cultural theory.
New York: Routledge.
8. Golom, F. D., & Mohr, J. J. (2011). Turn it off! The effects of exposure
to male-male erotic imagery on heterosexuals' attitudes toward gay
men. Journal of Sex Research, 48(6), 580-589.
9. Gramsci, A. (1977). Escritos politicos (1917-1933). Ciudad de México:
Siglo XXI Editores México.
10. Gross, L. (2002). Up from invisibility: Lesbians, gay men, and media in
America. New York: Columbia University Press.
11. Halberstam, J. (2005) In a queer time and place: transgender bodies,
subcultural lives. New York: New York University Press.
12. Hall, S. (1980). Cultural studies: Two paradigms. Birmingham: Centre
for Contemporary Cultural Studies.
13. Hall, S. (1997). Representation: cultural representations and signifying
practices. London: Thousand Oaks.
14. Herek, G. M. (1992). Psychological heterosexism and anti-gay
violence: The social psychology of bigotry and bashing. In G. M.
Herek & K. T. BerriII (Eds.), Hate crimes: Confronting violence
against lesbians and gay men (149-170). Newbury Park: Sage.
15. Herek, G. M. (2007). Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: Theory
and practice. Journal of Social Issues, 63, 905-925.
16. Briggs, A. & Cobley, P. (2005). The media: An Introduction. London:
Pearson.
17. Kalinic, T. (2014). Izvan kanona: Heteronormativnost u Srpskoj epskoj
fantastici, naucnoj fantastici i hororu. Hartefakt Fond, 1, 286-296.
18. Kelner, D. (2004). Medijska kultura. Beograd: Clio.
19. Lash, S. (2007) Power after hegemony: Cultural studies in mutation.
Theory, Culture and Society, 24(3), 55-78.
20. Levina, M., Waldo, C. R., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (2000). We're here, we're
queer, we're on TV: The effects of visual media on heterosexuals'
attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Journal of Applied Social
Psychology, 30(4), 738-758.
21. Lewis, G. B. & Gossett, C. W. (2008). Changing public opinion on
same-sex marriage: The case of California. Politics and Policy 36(1),
4-30.
22. Pharr, S. (1988). Homophobia: A weapon of sexism. Inverness:
Chardon Press.
23. Proctor, J. (2004). Stuart Hall. New York: Routledge.
24. Robert, S. & Lichter, L. (1988). TV and the Family: The Parents
Prevail. Public Opinion, 10(6), 25-56.
25. Simon, D. (2003). Cultural studies. London and New York: Routledge.
26. Soto-Sanfiel, M. T., Palencia, R. M., & Ibiti, A. (2014). The role of
sexual orientation and gender in the appreciation of lesbian narratives.
Retrieved November 6, 2016 from
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/268811316
27. Ward, L. M. (2003). Understanding the role of entertainment media in
the sexual socialization of American youth: A review of empirical
research. Developmental Review, 23, 347–388.
28. Wright, P. J. & Bae, S. (2013). Pornography consumption and attitudes
toward homosexuality: A national longitudinal. Human Communication
Research, 39(13), 492–513.
publications.
2. Baunach, D. M. (2011). Decomposing trends in attitudes toward gay
marriage, 1988-2006. Social Science Quarterly, 92, 346-330.
3. Brown, J. D., Halprn, C. T., & L’Engle, K.L. (2005). Mass media as a
sexual super peer for early maturing girls. Journal of Adolescnt Health,
36(5), 420-427.
4. Calzo, J. P. & Ward, L. M. (2009). Media exposure and viewer’s
attitudes toward homosexuality: Evidence for mainstreaming or
resonance. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(2), 280-
299.
5. Dawson., L. (2015). Queer European Cinema: queering cinematic time
and space. Studies in European Cinema, 12(3), 185-204.
6. Detenber, B. H., Ho, S. S., Neo, R.L., Malik, S., & Cenite, M. (2013).
Influence of value predispositions, interpersonal contact, and mediated
exposure on public attitudes towards homosexuality in Singapore.
Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 16, 181-196.
7. Edgar, A., & Sedgwick, P. (2005). Key concepts in cultural theory.
New York: Routledge.
8. Golom, F. D., & Mohr, J. J. (2011). Turn it off! The effects of exposure
to male-male erotic imagery on heterosexuals' attitudes toward gay
men. Journal of Sex Research, 48(6), 580-589.
9. Gramsci, A. (1977). Escritos politicos (1917-1933). Ciudad de México:
Siglo XXI Editores México.
10. Gross, L. (2002). Up from invisibility: Lesbians, gay men, and media in
America. New York: Columbia University Press.
11. Halberstam, J. (2005) In a queer time and place: transgender bodies,
subcultural lives. New York: New York University Press.
12. Hall, S. (1980). Cultural studies: Two paradigms. Birmingham: Centre
for Contemporary Cultural Studies.
13. Hall, S. (1997). Representation: cultural representations and signifying
practices. London: Thousand Oaks.
14. Herek, G. M. (1992). Psychological heterosexism and anti-gay
violence: The social psychology of bigotry and bashing. In G. M.
Herek & K. T. BerriII (Eds.), Hate crimes: Confronting violence
against lesbians and gay men (149-170). Newbury Park: Sage.
15. Herek, G. M. (2007). Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: Theory
and practice. Journal of Social Issues, 63, 905-925.
16. Briggs, A. & Cobley, P. (2005). The media: An Introduction. London:
Pearson.
17. Kalinic, T. (2014). Izvan kanona: Heteronormativnost u Srpskoj epskoj
fantastici, naucnoj fantastici i hororu. Hartefakt Fond, 1, 286-296.
18. Kelner, D. (2004). Medijska kultura. Beograd: Clio.
19. Lash, S. (2007) Power after hegemony: Cultural studies in mutation.
Theory, Culture and Society, 24(3), 55-78.
20. Levina, M., Waldo, C. R., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (2000). We're here, we're
queer, we're on TV: The effects of visual media on heterosexuals'
attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Journal of Applied Social
Psychology, 30(4), 738-758.
21. Lewis, G. B. & Gossett, C. W. (2008). Changing public opinion on
same-sex marriage: The case of California. Politics and Policy 36(1),
4-30.
22. Pharr, S. (1988). Homophobia: A weapon of sexism. Inverness:
Chardon Press.
23. Proctor, J. (2004). Stuart Hall. New York: Routledge.
24. Robert, S. & Lichter, L. (1988). TV and the Family: The Parents
Prevail. Public Opinion, 10(6), 25-56.
25. Simon, D. (2003). Cultural studies. London and New York: Routledge.
26. Soto-Sanfiel, M. T., Palencia, R. M., & Ibiti, A. (2014). The role of
sexual orientation and gender in the appreciation of lesbian narratives.
Retrieved November 6, 2016 from
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/268811316
27. Ward, L. M. (2003). Understanding the role of entertainment media in
the sexual socialization of American youth: A review of empirical
research. Developmental Review, 23, 347–388.
28. Wright, P. J. & Bae, S. (2013). Pornography consumption and attitudes
toward homosexuality: A national longitudinal. Human Communication
Research, 39(13), 492–513.
